Wordsworth, Social Reform Literature, and Politics of the 1790s Essay

Wordsworth, Social Reform Literature, and Politics of the 1790s The recorded blend of social fictions in England and France toward the finish of the 1780s significantly affected the writing of the period. Tom Paine's The Rights of Man (1791) and Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1791) were the two most generally read works that prodded 10 years in length banter on how the country of England was to be represented and by whom. As a youngster during this period, William Wordsworth framed piece of the hover of scholars who battled for the Republican reason for majority rule government and its goals. Like the writer William Cowper, Wordsworth's initial verse added to a bigger structure of social change writing that the distributer Joseph Johnson advanced all through his profession from the late 1770s until his passing in 1809. A portion of Wordsworth's initial exposition works mark what he was to later ponder in his sonnet, Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye During a Tour, 13 July 1798. Tintern Abbey helps Wordsworth's perusers to remember the isolation and tragic perplexity (61) that its creator encounters five years after his fantasies of a vote based republic and love for Annette Vallon are run by France's Reign of Terror and war with England. He describes: Five years have passed; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! . . . . . . . Thus I set out to trust, Despite the fact that changed, no uncertainty, from what I was when first I limited o'er these slopes, . . . Flying from something that he fears than one Who looked for the thing he cherished. (1-2, 66-67, 72-73)[1] Tintern recommends Wordsworth's desire to move past the feelings and perspectives he once held, as reflected in his unpublishe... ... a companion of Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Priestley, and Horne Tooke; Mary Wollstonecraft tuned in to Price's infrequent political messages, and was affected by his view that all individuals were qualified for equivalent instruction. Todd, Janet. Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 2000: 59-61. 4. Edmund Burke. Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), in, Paul Keen, (ed. compiler). Perusing (at) the Limit of the Bourgeois Public Sphere. Burnaby: Simon Fraser University Publishing, 1999: 145. 5. On the same page, 147. 6. Tom Paine is alluding to William the Conqueror, cited by E. P. Thompson in, The Making of the English Working Class. Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd., 1963: 94-95. 7. On the same page, 94. 8. Christopher Hill. The Norman Yoke, in Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution Revisited. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997: 361.

Australia Corporation Law ASIC v Adler †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Australia Corporation Law ASIC v Adler. Answer: Australia Corporation Law ASIC v Adler In the year 2000, HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd (HIHC) gave out an advance of $10 million that was not archived and made sure about to Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd (PEE). PEE is a partnership heavily influenced by Adler, and it is a trustee of Australia Equities Unit Trust (AEUT). Simultaneously, Adler is anon-official chief of HIH with shares through his organization Adler Corporation Limited. The $10 million advance from HIHC to PEE was later utilized in the membership of HIHC for $10 million worth the estimation of AEUT units. Also, PEE purchased $ 4 million portions of the HIH on the financial exchange. After that PEE sold offers at lost $2 million (Austlii.edu.au, 2005, 1). The aim of purchasing the offers from HIH was to give a bogus impression to the financial exchange that PEE was doing great to the speculators of HIH. PEE additionally purchased other unlisted offers correspondence and innovation organizations from Adler Corporation Limited at $4 million. The entire sum was a venture misfortune. Then again, $2 million was granted to Adler by AEUT under trust. Notwithstanding, every one of these exchanges occurred without the information on the board and speculation advisory group of the HIH. The $10 million credit that was given without security and legitimate documentation was done to forestall HIH chiefs from knowing (Television Education Network, 2002). The court deciding was that Adler damaged his obligations as an official of HIHC and HIH on account of the exchanges. It additionally held that Adler penetrated his obligations as an executive under Corporations Act 2001. In this way, this paper means to inspect Adlers improper conduct as an official, how Adlers activities negated Corporation Act under Australian Law, discipline to Adler, the exercise to other Australian organization administrators, and perceptions. Adlers Inappropriate Behavior as an Officer Segment 9 of the Corporation Law, expresses that an organization executive is an individual who is named to that position paying little heed to the kind of what name is given to that position. It likewise incorporates a few people to be chiefs regardless of whether they are not appropriately designated. Such executives can be alluded as facto or shadow chiefs. Further, Section 9 likewise alludes to enterprise official as an organization official who holds senior situations in the board panel (Lawteacher.net., 2017). Such people may take part in dynamic that may influence the whole organization business exercises and funds. It is an individual who has the power to impact the companys business standings fundamentally. The principle obligation of a chief is to shield investors properties from any hazard. Investors dangers may incorporate misrepresentation from the chiefs, where the executives take organization properties for individual addition and blunder of the organization, where chi efs steal organization accounts. On account of ASIC v Adler, unmistakably Adler as an official carried on improperly from multiple points of view: Firstly, he partook in a dynamic that influenced the matter of the organizations. Furthermore, he neglected to advise the rest regarding the board individuals from the HIHC in light of his own advantage. Thirdly, he acted falsely, by purchasing obtaining credit without validation to dodge the inclusion of the advisory group individuals from the HIH, the board executives of PEE, and partners. Fourthly, he didn't act in compliance with common decency and with care since he needed to fulfill his very own advantage, yet not the enthusiasm of his organization. Fifthly, he abused his situation to obtain the credit and sold offers in the financial exchange at a misfortune, thusly, he neglected to act with care and determination as expected of him. How Adlers Actions Contravened Australian Law Adler activities contradict Australian Commercial law in different manners: First, Adler penetrated segment 9 of the Commercial Law that discussions about the executive and its obligation. Area 9 characterizes an official as an official who takes an interest in settling on choices that can influence parts or the whole partnership. Such individual has the position to essentially influence the companys budgetary status. The court found that Adler as the executive of HIH and furthermore an official of HIH auxiliary corresponding to segment 9 meaning of a chief. This segment influences Adler despite the fact that he was chosen as a non-official chief. Since Adler had a chiefs job, had the auxiliary venture organization, and was additionally a partner of the HIH speculation advisory group, was sufficient proof to show that he took an interest in settling on the companys business choice, which influenced a significant piece of the business (Adams, 2011). The law needs all the executives of an organization to be consistently educated about the exercises of the organization, they should be educated regarding the significant exchanges that the organization is included. This was not what Adler did; he neglected to illuminate the board individuals about the exercises of the organization by doing them subtly. Furthermore, Adler penetrated area 180 of the Australian Commercial law that discussions about the obligation to act with care and ingenuity (Uni Study Guides., 2013). Segment 180(1) gives that an executive or an official of an organization should inside their capacity release their duties with care and determination that any reasonable individual can perform whenever allowed the chance to be the companys official or chief. Adler as a non-official executive of the PEE neglected to release his obligation by utilizing the advance the organization got from HIH and HIHC to purchase shares that made the organization lost a ton of cash. He likewise neglected to illuminate the board and the investors about the procurement of the $10 million credit. Thirdly, Adler additionally contradicted segment 180 (2),(3) of the Australian Commercial law that discussions about business judgment rule. Judgment rule requires a chief or an official to make an appropriate judgment in compliance with common decency and for the correct explanation. The judgment ought not be for individual intrigue, and that the executive or the official has educated himself about the topic to a degree that he accepted that the judgment was to serve the whole organization. For the situation ASIC v Adler, the court settled that Adler and his partners penetrated their protected obligation to of care and couldn't depend on the judgment rule for safeguard. For Adler, it didn't absolutely apply in light of the fact that he couldn't fulfill area 180(2)(b) in view of having an irreconcilable circumstance regarding the choice he made of putting $10 million in PEE ( Pey-Woan, 2006). Fourthly, he additionally negated area 260A that tends to the issue concerning money help. This area precludes an organization from helping a person in getting partakes in the organization same organization where he has ventures. The law can just permit such exchange where the help doesn't influence the companys intrigue, capacity to pay its obligations. The law additionally permits monetary help on the off chance that it is approved by the investors as indicated by segment 260B. Analyzing the ASIC v Adler case, it is obvious that Adler as the PEE controller, unmistakably penetrated area 260A by granting budgetary help to PEE by utilizing HIHC, which is an auxiliary of the HIH that is likewise heavily influenced by Adler. The credit that was given to PEE was again utilized in buying the portions of HIH on the securities exchange. The entire exchange process was a lie to the securities exchange and furthermore to the financial specialists to show that Adler was helping the declining s hare cost of its enterprise by expressly buying the offers. Adlers principle intention was to expand the cost of the portions of the HIH for the advantages of Alder Corporation Limited, which has significant offers in HIH. The Supreme Court held that the significant goal of the exchange was that the credit that HIHC door to PEE was to assist it with acquiring HIH shares, which is a venture organization of the HIHC. This exchange prompted material bias of the HIHC and HIH, which damages segment 260A. Discipline Adler got Due to Conviction There were different disciplines that Adler experienced the case ASIC v Adler. A portion of the discipline included punishments such a fine of $900,000 and preclusion for a long time and $8 million pay to HIH Insurance Limited (Smh.com.au., 2005). These punishments were because of Adlers break of the Corporations Act of the official's obligations. Be that as it may, this was the finish of Adler's disciplines. In the cycle two of his case, he was arraigned for a criminal demonstration. On sixteenth February, he confessed to charges of bogus and tricky data, irreconcilable situation, and actuating individuals to exchange. On fourteenth April 2005, he was detained for four and half years, with no parole time of over two years (Asic.gov.au., 2005). He got just 10 percent for a liable supplication since it was the main day of criminal preliminary. Exercises from ASIV v Adler Case Exercises educated are that ASIC has exhibited that they are not kidding about upholding Australias corporate controlling laws. Imprisoning the arrive at organization executives is an exercise that numerous chiefs have learnt. Many oversee are know paying attention to their obligations as demonstrated in the Corporations Act. In addition, those executives who have an irreconcilable circumstance will truly decrease because of what they have seen in the ASIC v Adler's case, and with that numerous chiefs will center their enthusiasm for profiting the whole organization (Lawteacher.net., 2017). Other than that, various supervisors in Australia have discovered that theft of organization reserves is a criminal case that prompts numerous years detainment without any chance to appeal. Then again, such cases have expanded partners trust in entrusting their offers with the organization executives. It is on the grounds that they accept that if there any fumble of organization reserves, they can look for ASIC intercession to assist them with unraveling such issues. Also, the case ASIC v Adler has demonstrated how the chiefs should act in compliance with common decency when executing their obligations (Uni Stu

Why We Dont Give Each Other a Break Annoyed Peeved The Fundamental Attribution Error Explains It All.

Why We Dont Give Each Other a Break Annoyed Peeved The Fundamental Attribution Error Explains It All. MODERN DAY FAIRYTALEOnce upon a time and from a hazy distance, Rose could hear the alarm ringing. Or was it so? Could it be 5:50 a.m. already?! Thank heavens, its Friday.That bloody nightclub in the open was playing loud music again just across the street. It was past three in the morning when they finished. They had a celebrity guest again or whatever. Rose no longer kept track. She just knew she was losing sleep because of it.Relieved it was Friday at least, she went to take a shower. As she got in, a gust of freezing water poured down on her. Oh, no, Rose, you forgot to turn on the bloody heater again. How could you?! OK, never mind! Just get on with it and hope you dont get sick during the day. And then an even colder realisation â€" its not even Friday today. Its only Thursday!Still not being fully awake, she dressed, took her car keys and left the apartment. Her ears were still ringing from the loud music from across the street last night. As she reached her car, she saw that a n idiot had blocked her!Of course, it was the self-righteous dude who always had to make a stop right there where he blocked two cars simultaneously. But why me?! And why today?! To make matters even worse, I am late!As she reached work, the ever-annoying co-worker and bosss pet started babbling some nonsense about how his old mum made this or that for lunch (as if she cared!).And thats when finally Rose snapped! Words she said, and she said plenty of them. And pleasant they were â€" not.Naturally, she turned out to be the rude, impolite, and impertinent, even a discriminating (?!) you know what and so long and so forth. Not my day definitely!INTRODUCTIONModern-day society has brought about so many complexities we need to face and deal with on a daily basis.There are so many things we are trying to process and understand that we sometimes lose track of what is going on behind the (figurative) curtain.The fact that we get lost in our imagination sometimes leads to certain conclusions which often turn out not to be true.When given certain inputs, and specifically when given an insufficient one, we start creating conclusions which are commonly astray.While passing by a park, you hear a child crying, and you deduce how spoilt it is. What if the child had fallen off a bike a few seconds ago but you didn’t witness the act?Whatever the situation, our brain seems to be programmed to make its own conclusions and choices whether we like it or not and no matter if the original input is complete.Upon being presented or faced with a situation, we inevitably reach a conclusion which somehow seems to be the logical one at the given moment even if we have only seen the tip of the iceberg.Our capacity to make such faulty conclusions is a quality which is characteristic of every human being. Throughout the article, we will try to point out some of the key notions concerning this topic.THE BIRTH OF FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERRORDuring the 1960s, the psychology was already a wel l-established science with multiple disciplines. Much research was made and experiments conducted all with the goal of studying the human mind in detail.Though the field was thriving, many experiments which were conducted then are considered somewhat unethical from the present-day point of view.Hereinafter, we will briefly comment on one of the rather interesting experiments performed during the sixties.Some of the people who were interested in studying the field deeper were the American psychologists, teacher and student, Edward E. Jones and Victor Harris respectively.They were interested in social psychology which deals with how somebody’s presence (real or imaginary) influences somebody else’s thoughts and feelings.To get some specific results in their study, they conducted a bit atypical experiment.The idea behind their experiment was to show how people freely ascribe behaviours to natural disposition and chance directed behaviours to the situation.So, what Jones and Harris did was distributing essays on Fidel Castro (quite an important topic at the time!) that the subjects had to read and then make a conclusion about how much the author likes or dislikes Castro.Since the subjects believed that the authors of the articles wrote, i.e. read, cons or pros based on their own opinions, they rated those with positive comments as supporting Castro and those with negative ones as opposing Castro.However, when subjects were told that the authors randomly received the task to write pros and cons, they still on average claimed that those who wrote pros are “fans” of Fidel Castro.So, the subjects in this experiment almost completely disregarded the situational factor even though they knew the circumstances under which the authors wrote and they projected some internal attribution towards the writers.A few years after Jones and Harriss experiment, another American psychologist, Lee Ross, who was also interested in social psychology, coined the phrase fundamenta l attribution error.In his paper, Ross argued how fundamental attribution error represents the conceptual bedrock for the field of social psychology.WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR?Before we shift our focus to the Fundamental Attribution Error, there is another psychological term we need to explain which will help us understand the concept we are dealing with.The point of our current concern is attribution theory.It is a concept developed in the early 20th century which explains how people are prone to attribution, i.e. the process in which the individuals explain the causes of behaviour and events.The explanation models in these processes are also known as the attribution theory.The attribution theory manifests itself as internal and external. The internal type is also known as dispositional attribution.It is a process where we perceive certain internal characteristics as causes of somebody’s behaviour, disregarding the external factor in the process.On the contrary, ex ternal attribution is also called situational attribution. This process refers to interpreting someones behaviour as being caused by the situation that the individual is in, leaving no place for internal influences.So, to simplify, attribution theory states that we have a tendency to explain someone’s behaviour in terms of their personality and disposition (Internal), or in terms of the situation (External). Now that we have got acquainted with the attribution theory, we can move on to fundamental attribution error. So, what may fundamental attribution error be?Fundamental attribution error is a concept in social psychology that explains how people tend to (unjustly) emphasize the agents internal characteristics (character or intention), rather than external factors, in explaining other peoples behaviour, as opposed to interpreting their own actions.This concept is also known as attribution effect or the correspondence bias.To make the concept more understandable we can say that t he fundamental attribution error is the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging the behaviour of other people.This is precisely why the fundamental attribution error explains how we more often so than not prone to judge others harshly while letting ourselves easily off the hook by rationalizing our own unethical behaviour.The notion of how we make the fundamental attribution error about other people but rarely ourselves is a rather interesting one.When  we  do things, we  always  have a good reason. It’s other people we see as faulty.This tendency of ours to rationalize our behaviour while ridiculing and judging someone else’s is best explained as fundamental attribution bias.This is the characteristic recognized in any human being.If you are still having some doubts about terminology, note the keyword in the concept might be the word error. We mentioned already how we unjustly emphasize somebody else’s faulty be haviour.This is precisely why we are erroneous here, in a way of speaking, since we are making a big mistake by making conclusions about the behaviour of others without knowing what they are dealing with currently. HOW DOES FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR WORK â€" REAL LIFE EXAMPLESFundamental attribution error is a rather interesting concept we can come across on a daily basis.From art stereotypes to everyday situation, the examples are beyond count.Before we go into some additional examples which are typically encountered, let us go back to our Modern Fairytale from the beginning of the article.1. Rose and the Co-WorkersOur modern hero Rose has been struggling with a rather serious situation. Lack of sleep is a real issue especially taking into consideration the fast way of life people live today.So, this is already a trigger for Rose to be edgy and wanting to be left alone. Additionally, no hot water, realising there is one more day before the weekend additional cause Rose to be ir ritable.The situation was only worsened by getting late to work and being bothered by the irrelevant details of someone domestic life. So, how come that Rose turned out to be the villain in the story?Well, that is quite easy. Rose’s colleagues (and their psychology at work), being fully unaware of the external situation she had been dealing with for days, jumped to a conclusion. This conclusion of theirs was a completely erroneous one.They simply attributed her behaviour to her intrinsic quality of being a bad person.In the process, they disregarded the possibility of an external stimulus causing Rose’s outburst.2. Tom and the ExamsJudged by his classmates, Tom has been struggling with exams for quite some time now. Specifically, the calculus was giving him so much trouble.His classmates also observed that he seems as completely uninterested to finish his graduate studies. What additionally confuses them is the fact that he used to be such a brilliant student and a great friend who managed to stay optimistic no matter what.On the other hand, Tom is genuinely sick and tired of everything. When he goes back to his dorm after class, if he attended it in the first place, he just wants to crawl back in bed and be left alone.His younger sister has eloped with a local junkie, the mother is worried sick, the father is almost unaware of the situation, being sedated half of the time due to a failing kidney.Tom feels like he’s carrying the weight of the world on his shoulders and it’s a heavy burden for a twenty-year-old.This is why his interest in studying has faded. He is giving his best, but he’s just had enough of everything.As we can see, Tom’s friends are not aware of the situation that he has found himself in. They just see what lies on the surface.For them, Tom became lazy and uncaring, even irresponsible since he is disregarding his studies.On the other hand, they are missing the deeper truth, and that is that Tom just can’t handle juggling with so many issues at the same time.Here, Tom’s friends are making a serious mistake (i.e. fundamental attribution error) attributing his failure to pass calculus to his internal quality of being lazy and interested.They are so easily disregarding the possibility that he might be in a rather difficult situation. They judge him, without even thinking that all he needs is their silent but open support in dealing with a stressful situation.3. Kate and the Parents’ AssociationIt was Thursday afternoon and Kate was late for the parents’ association meeting in her daughter’s school.The point of the meeting was to discuss the play children were supposed to perform and the parents were in charge of the costumes.What additionally aggravates the fact that Kate is late is that her daughter is the leading role.Just a few minutes before Kate left for the meeting, her husband came back home from work. He was dead drunk again.Fourth day in a row.Moreover, as he tried to step out of the car, she didn’t know how he was able to drive in the first place, he tripped and fell and got a big bloody bruise across the forehead.It took time until she finally dragged him inside the house, cleaned the wound and put to bed before he upsets the children.And then she had to put on her perfect smile and come up with an excuse as to why she was late.Other parents almost immediately judged Kate as an irresponsible, uncaring, and undeserving mother. How dare she not show up on time to arrange the details for a play in which her daughter is the lead role?!And she comes with some stupid excuse of a flat tire. Didn’t her tire go flat two weeks ago when she was also late for the parents’ association meeting? How irresponsible of her!What the other parents are missing here is the fact how Kate’s life is almost falling apart.She’s contemplating a divorce from an alcoholic, though not (yet) abusive husband, thus becoming a single mother of two working only part-time at a local pizza place. They are making the fundamental attribution error here since they are disregarding the tough life Kate is currently faced with, and not by her choice.They perceive her as an uncaring mother simply because she showed up late, not knowing how she was, in fact, protecting their children from an unpleasant and disappointing situation.4. Fundamental Attribution Error in ArtBesides occurrences in every-day life, fundamental attribution error is also commonly found in art.Specifically, films are a perfect example of how human nature is shown as stereotypical, where bad people do bad things just because they are bad.Take the film Minority Report as an example. In this dystopian sci-fi thriller, the lead character, John Anderton (portrayed by Tom Cruz) becomes the main villain of the story after certain complications in the plotline.As the Precogs forecast, John is supposedly going to kill someone in the near future so the entire PreCrime department is determined to find him.They are only fa miliar with the outcome, but they disregard the reasons behind. They were quick to jump to the conclusion of how Anderton needs to be eliminated as a threat to their society, not seeing the fault in the system.This is how they make the fundamental mistake since the outlining reasons for Anderton’s behaviour were excluded as a possibility.They merely concluded that there has been a shift in his nature and he now needs to be dispensed with since he became a threat to the existing order.Now that we are fully familiar with the concept of the fundamental attribution error, why indeed we do not give each other a break?Why is it that we always find a way to justify own mistakes or wrong behaviour but are so quick to judge others when they display the same behaviour pattern?How come that we need to be forgiven and excused every time we are late for work, while someone else is the irresponsible and immature one?Why do we need to be pitied or understood every time we cut off someone while d riving, and when others do the same they either can’t drive or are rude and inconsiderate?CONCLUSIONThere is a (somewhat) religious saying, Good moves in mysterious ways. For the purpose of this article, allow me to modify the proverb â€" Mind moves and works in mysterious ways.Indeed, no matter how hard we tried to understand how our mind works, there is always something which makes us go back to the beginning.Every time we think how we have (finally) established a pattern of how our brain works, it always surprises us by reacting differently when exposed to the same stimulus as multiple times before, thus breaking the pattern we built.One thing is certain, years will pass and psychologists and other scientists will still be busy studying the human brain.What we have all noticed so far is the fact that our brain inevitably links certain stimuli with (sometimes inadequate) conclusions.This involuntary action of our mind, i.e. the fact that we make wrong conclusions based on insuff icient evidence, is a well-known psychological concept.It is mostly relevant and used in social psychology and is defined as Fundamental Attribution Error, attribution effect or the correspondence bias.The fundamental attribution error explains how biased we are when making conclusions about the behaviours of others and our own behaviours.If we talk about others, it is always their nature that causes their unethical or otherwise wrong and unacceptable behaviour. If we are being inappropriate, or ill-behaved, it is always the set of unfavourable circumstances which determines our actions.It is never our nature!And precisely due to this existing opposition, why is it that we cannot apply the same principle in both cases?How can we be so unwilling to accept our own flaws and defects, and insisting instead how “perfect” we are and it is never our fault?Why do we have to think “Jack is such a jerk” every time he is being impolite, instead of asking whether he needs our help with something?So, since we are so eager to justify ourselves, maybe sometimes we can take a deeper look and see if somebody else is also struggling with a tough situation and offer them help and consolation.When it comes to attacking others and justifying ourselves, it’s as if we are completely different person.A man is a social being, and he needs support and approval from others.So, every now and then, instead of judging someone, maybe we should ask ourselves what happens if we end up in the same situation. It’s not pleasant, isn’t it?Be there one for another. We are not supposed to be alone and to go through life without support and understanding. Do not make the fundamental attribution error by quickly judging somebody’s character when you haven’t walked in their shoes.

The Most Successful Empire the Roman or the Mongol Essay

The Roman Empire lasted from 201 BC to 476 AD and conquered many lands bordering them, including Mediterranean and covered all of western Europe and half of Britain. On the other hand, the Mongol empire lasted from 1206 AD to 1386 AD and conquered much of Russia, Islam, and many of the Slavic peoples. Their conquests were swift and brutal, often leaving thousands dead behind them and successfully becoming the civilization who had conquered the most land. Although both of the two empires were highly successful, but in my opinion, the Roman empire was more successful because they lasted much longer, was ruled by many successful and powerful leaders such as Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great, and also because it left behind many positive†¦show more content†¦They have been copied in many places at different times, such as public buildings such as museums, town halls and even schools built in Britain in the nineteenth century. Public health, surgery and patient care were al ready picked up by Islamic doctors and later by European doctors during the Roman empire. Medicines during those days were simply a combination of some limited scientific knowledge, and a deeply rooted religious and mythological system. The calendar we use today with 365 days is based on the calendar that Caesar developed upon with 12 months named after selective Roman gods. Moreover, Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in AD337 and remains the dominant religion in most countries. In addition, Catholic masses are still performed in Roman language, Latin. Compared to the Mongol Empire, the legacies of the Roman Empire are much colossal in number and provides a greater impact on human life on earth today. The main reason why the Romans were able to invent long-lasting legacies is because the empire had strict laws that everyone followed, which therefore caused peace and harmony. Although under such circumstances, the Mongols were still able to leav e a great amount of legacies too. The Mongol rulers were ardent donors of the theater. The theater during their time was already full of acrobats, mimes, and colorful costumes, and all of which appealed greatly to the Mongols. TheShow MoreRelatedHistory : Genghis Khan, Julius Caesar, And Alexander The Great919 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar, and Alexander the Great are successful conquerors in history. Genghis Khan a tyrant and a bloodthirsty villain during his period he conquered more territory than any other leader in history. Julius Caesar a great general that ever lived, he also knew how to elevate money for festivals and gifts. Lastly, Alexander the Great is a person who conquered many territories, had a large empire, formed the Hellenistic culture, and became very successful. 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In his youth, Alexander came under the tutelage of Aristotle, who is said to have exerted a lot of influence on the future conquerorRead MoreThe Cycle From Nomadic To Sedentary And Then Conquered2062 Words   |  9 Pagesand then conquered by nomads would spin its wheel right into the mighty Empire of Europe, as Roman expansion in Europe spreading its resources thin and the migratory period of nomadic tribes, like the Germanic Goths, to expand south near the black sea, from Scandinavia in the late first century AD. The Roman empire had always been on the offense for centuries, conquering territory after territory, but with every large empire, military units needed to increase to keep its boarders safe from invaders

The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Essay - 2168 Words

The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story set in Verona, Italy in the late 1500s. It is a moving tale of two young people, Romeo and Juliet, who fall in love. The displeasure and anger of their feuding families, the Montagues and the Capulets, who are long time enemies, however, complicate their love. The feud between the households, underlines the entire tragedy, and in my opinion it is one of the most responsible reasons for Romeo and Juliets deaths. The play starts with a Prologue, which is an opening to the play. It was normal for plays written in this time to start with one. It gave the audience a brief summary of what was going to happen in the play. In†¦show more content†¦The feud was the setting of the tragedy. Without it, Romeo and Juliet would never have had to keep their marriage and love a secret. This is shown in the opening of the Prologue, The fearful passage of their death markd love, And the continuous of their parents rage, Which, but their childrens end nough could remove. The feud aggravated characters such as Mercutio and Tybalt to express anger towards their enemies, which ended in fights that ended in fatalities. When Tybalt saw Romeo at the party, he immediately wanted to kill him, and didnt stop to think that Romeo wasnt doing anything wrong. When Tybalt confronted Romeo, all Romeo wanted was peace. In his mind Romeo was a Montague and a Montague is and enemy. Tybalt wanted to kill Romeo because he thought it was disrespectful for Romeo and his friends to turn up to the Capulets ball uninvited and not welcome. He sees this as the only way to seek revenge after; Romeo has humiliated his family by arriving at the rival familys ball. If the feud had not existed, then Tybalt would have had no reason to confront Romeo and to kill him. Hence, not starting a chain of events to lead to Romeo and Juliets deaths. Friar Lawrence is a teacher and an advisor most notably to Romeo who the Friar refers to as a pupil, For doting, not for loving, pupil mine. After the night of Romeo and Juliets first meeting, RomeoShow MoreRelatedThe Deaths Of Romeo And Juliet1766 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the lead up to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, many events took place which contributed to Romeo and Juliet’s actions. Both Romeo and Juliet knew of the consequences if their secret relationship were to be exposed yet they continued to go behind their family’s backs and deny their families laws. Likewise, Romeo and Juliet both committed suicide therefore it was ultimately their choice to end their own lives. The only other people who knew about Romeo and Juliet’s love also knew the consequencesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Essay On Death1548 Words   |  7 Pagesthe play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows Romeo’s infatuation with two things: death, and Juliet, one overpowering the o ther. Romeo is suicidal; everything related to eternal rest peaks his interest. Juliet causes Romeo to die which reveals that Juliet did what death itself could not. She helped Romeo forget about the harsh realities of the world, whereas death allowed Romeo an option in the end where he could be alongside his one and only true love. Whether it be in hell or heaven, Romeo would haveRead MoreThe Death Of Romeo And Juliet s Death1312 Words   |  6 PagesOnce upon a time there was a boy named Romeo and a girl named Juliet, who lived separately but loved each other dearly. This story is about a boy and a girl whom their families hated each other deeply and they were enemies because they always fight with each other. The end of this beautiful love ended in tragedy with the death of the two star- crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet. Many people had different opinions about who to blame for Romeo and Juliet’s death. Some of them said that the environmentalRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Dea th Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesDestination, where death is unstoppable. Every decision and action made by the characters can be fated by the universe. William Shakespeare clearly shows fate in this play Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare uses foreshadowing to illustrate the idea of predetermined death. Others may say that the feud and Paris are responsible for the death of Romeo and Juliet but it’s clear that fate is responsible. Fate is repeated throughout the book making it unquestionable for Romeo and Juliet’s death. Since the beginningRead MoreThe Theme of Death in Romeo and Juliet921 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Romeo Juliet† is one of the most famous and enjoyed literary pieces of all time. The play is written by the playwright William Shakespeare and it conveys the tragic love story of two star-cross’d lovers with a remarkably beautiful language. The play, since it’s a tragedy is permeated by death and all the main characters feel the impact of death either by dying, or witnessing deaths. Throughout the play the reader is able to identify two types of death; death by suicide and death by homicide. A conscientiousRead MoreDeath In Romeo And Juliet Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesBrianna Isabella Reyes Ms. Taccone Period D 11/16/17 The Fault of Death in Romeo and Juliet â€Å"I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.† This is a line from a poem written by William Ernest Henley. Self-control is where you control your own fate and you guide your own soul, Henley expressed this through that quote. His idea can be applied to many things, one being the story of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. In the story, the characters are big believers in fate where coursesRead MoreThe Tragic Deaths Of Romeo And Juliet1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet are not the fault of just one person; it is the fault of many. In fact, the blame could be placed on each character – if anyone acted in a different way, there could have been a different ending. Some had a greater impact on their deaths than others however, namely the families and the feud, the Friar Lawrence, Mercutio, Balthasar and Romeo Juliet themselves. Some may argue for other characters, but the actions of these five ultimately had a more promi nentRead MoreEssay on The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life; I dont agree with the quotation above because I think the tragic deaths of both Romeo and Juliet are caused by human decision. It is an indirect result of the decisions and actions Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares plays about tragedy. It is aboutRead MoreCauses Of Death In Romeo And Juliet768 Words   |  4 Pages The Final Push To Fatal Ends The deaths and conflicts of Romeo and Juliet are thoroughly frustrating, woven around lies, love, and control. Each generation reading the classic Shakespeare play draws different conclusions and opinions on the lover’s tragedy. The faults and flaws of many characters shifting and altering the events resulting in six deaths. Romeo, the main character rather impulsive and quick to act, makes decisions that causes foreseeable conflicts to occur. As bodies drop and conflictsRead MoreCauses Of Death In Romeo And Juliet850 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?† Romeo and Juliet is a famous play of two lovers that committed suicide to be with each other. There are many people within this play that helped the cause of Romeo and Juliet’s suicide. The three main characters that caused their death are Tybalt, The Apothecary, and Lord and Lady Capulet. The reason Tybalt is at fault is because he kept trying to fight Romeo. The reason he is fighting Romeo is the Romeo is a Montague. According to the text â€Å"This, by

How People Make Economic Decisions Free Essays

The individuals have to make decisions all the time and there is always something to take some time to make sure that the choice will benefit the individual. The same individual has to decide if the decision will cause a monetary burden. Principles of individual decision-making are people make tradeoffs, when people choose one thing they give up something else, rational people think at the margin, and people respond to incentive. We will write a custom essay sample on How People Make Economic Decisions or any similar topic only for you Order Now People make tradeoffs express by what would choose between items the one that best meets their requirements (Mankiw, 2011). Margin thinking by rational people consists of making a decision is just over the acceptable choice. Possibilities are that individuals are motivated to a decision by monetary profits (Fox, 2010). In 2005, I had to make a decision about staying at Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) or seek another job. I had a problem with the supervisor of the department. The benefit at IDEM was adequate health insurance, sick leave, earned vacation time, and days for funerals (immediate family). This was a hard decision because of the need to rationalize the change. In regard to the marginal cost and benefit because there needed to a stressful transfer from the old job to a new job. I believed that the marginal cost was not an issue because money was not a concern. The marginal benefit was to do have a job that made me happy and relaxed. The principles of economics affect decision-making individuals to evaluate purchases, where to live, what to do with their lives, what to do with their lives, where to work and how many children to have, any other decision that needs to make. All companies have to decide on good to purchase, project the deficient and profits, make sure that they have employed sufficient staff to produce a product or to provide a service, and to having sufficient vendors to meet the needs of the company. The principles of economy do interact with all lives always by every decision that was thought about and every choice made. References Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. (2005). Decision-making. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/wileycs/decision-making Fox, J. (2011, October 19). Economists respond to incentives. Retrieved from http://www. blogs. reuters. com/justinfox/2011/10/19/economists-respond-to-incentives Hubbard, R. G. , O’Brian, A. P. (2010, 2009, 2008, 2006). Economics (3rd Ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. None listed. (2011). Not titled. Retrieved from http://www. investopial. com/study-guide How to cite How People Make Economic Decisions, Essays

The Effects of Living Alone Essays - , Term Papers

The Effects of Living Alone Nowadays, young people want to move out and live on their own. It is good to learn how to live without depending on someone else to do your chores and to be more independent. Also, to be able to manage your finances, to learn how to take care of yourself, when no one else will. But every now and then it can get a little bit lonely not having anyone to pour out your troubles to. Of course you have your friends, but it is one thing to live alone in a flat and another to live together with a loved one in an apartment. Although, living with a friend is difficult sometimes, it is still better than living alone. A clear example of this is Jean from "Shopping for one" by Anne Cassidy, which I shall use as a case-study in this essay, while shopping she remembered one of her mother's favorite thoughts: "You can always tell a person by their shopping." Her mother was right. When you look at Jean's wire basket you can see "individual fruit pies, small s alad cream, yoghurt, tomatoes, cat food and a chicken quarter." This suggests that she lives alone and owns a cat like most people who live alone. She also felt pitiful buying small doses of everything, and was uneasy thinking everyone knew she was living alone. And given the fact that it hasn't been long since she had broke n up with her boyfriend, upon seeing couples in front of her buying family sizes of everything, she felt even more alone. While she was standing in the line, waiting for her turn, surrounded by couples or women shopping for their families, she couldn't help herself but to remember about her ex-boyfriend. The item that reminded her about him was a cooking book. She picked up "Cooking for One", the book, wondering whether to buy it or not. It seems that this book tells people that she lives alone, but Jean doesn't want people to know about that . Because then she have to admit to herself that she feels lonely. Yet, if you have fri ends it doesn't matter whether you live alone or not. You will have someone to talk to, while Jean has only her cat. Then she put the book back on its place. When she was done with the shopping she felt a sense of relief, owing to the fact that she lives alone and doesn't feel comfortable around people: " She felt a sense of relief to be away from the mass of people. She felt out of place, a non-conformer, half a consumer unit. " Walking back to her car, Jean thought again about the book and told herself that next she will buy it. She felt more confident in the fresh air, she didn't care what people might think if she buys the book. In any case, living alone could easily affect people in ways they never expect. They become less communicative, can't open up easily to someone and let that person in thei r heart. It is best to live with someone instead of a pet, because people feel emptiness inside of them and only another human being can fill that emp tiness. Even the harmless, at first sight, act like shopping can make a person feel out of place; embarrassed by the small amounts of food they bought and hemmed in between family sizes of everything. In this particular moment all the person would like to do is to go home, where they feel safe and protected, because their home is their sanctuary.

How You Get an SAT Fee Waiver Complete Guide

How You Get an SAT Fee Waiver Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Is the cost of registering for the SAT a financial difficulty for you and your family? You may be eligible for an SAT fee waiver, which covers the full cost of registration for the SAT, with or without the essay section. We’ll explain what criteria you need to meet to be eligible for an SAT fee waiver and guide you through the steps to using it. With this guide we hope to help you overcome the barrier of testing fees in your path to college. What Guarantees SAT Fee Waiver Eligibility? College Board’s primary eligibility criteria says that you must be enrolled in (or eligible to participate in) the Federal Free and Reduced Lunch Program (FRPL). If you’re not on free and reduced lunch, there are some other criteria that may make it possible for you to obtain a fee waiver. You must meet ONE of the following, as defined by College Board (click here to read about this criteria in Spanish): Your annual family income falls within the Income Eligibility Guidelines set by the USDA Food and Nutrition Service (provided below). You are enrolled in a federal, state, or local program that aids students from low-income families (e.g., Federal TRIO programs such as Upward Bound). Your family receives public assistance. You live in federally subsidized public housing, a foster home, or are homeless. You are a ward of the state or an orphan. Income Eligibility Guidelines for the Free/Reduced Lunch Program for 2015-16 Members in Household Total Annual Income 1 $21,775 2 $29,471 3 $37,167 4 $44,863 5 $52,559 6 $60,255 The number of members in household includes the filer. A student in foster care is considered a household size of one person. If you have more than six members in your household, take the annual allowance for six - $60,255 - and add $7,696 for each additional member. In addition to meeting one of the above guidelines, there are a few other conditions for obtaining an SAT fee waiver. There are someother important rules for getting the green light on SAT fee waivers. Other Rules and Conditions First, SAT fee waivers are only available to11th and 12th graders. SAT Subject Test fee waivers, however, are available for all high schoolers in grades 9 through 12. Secondly, if you're testing outside of the U.S., you have to be a U.S. citizen to be eligible for a fee waiver. If you're an international student, then you can only get a fee waiver if you're residing and testing in the U.S. or U.S. territories. And third, eligible home-schooled students should contact a counselor at their local high school to get fee waivers. They will likely have to provide supporting documentation to prove they are eligible, such as tax records, public assistance records, a record of enrollment in an aid program. Now that you know all the criteria for getting a fee waiver, let’s take a closer look at what exactly an SAT fee waiver covers. What an SAT Fee Waiver Covers An SAT fee waiver covers the full cost of registration for the SAT test, with or without the essay section. It doesn't matter which you choose; you'll be covered either way. If you register for the SAT without the essay, but change your mind on test day, then you don't have to worry.As long as your testing center has the materials, then your fee waiver will cover your SAT + essay with no additional fees. You can get a total of two fee waivers for SAT registration and two fee waivers for SAT Subject Test registration. These do not cross over and cannot be exchanged with each other (in other words, you can’t use one of your Subject Test waivers to register for the regular SAT, or vice versa). The subject test fee waiver covers your registration for one day. Since there can be up to three subject tests in one day, one subject test fee waiver could cover one, two, or three subject tests. So two subject test fee waivers could cover up to six subject tests (three on one day and three on another). SAT fee waivers are also useful for sending your scores to colleges. Whether or not you're using a fee waiver, you'll getup to four free SAT score reports sent to colleges.If you're using a fee waiver to register, then you'll get anfour additional score reports sent to colleges for a total of eight free score reports!These four additional score reports can be ordered at any time. Fee waivers also cover College Board’s Question and Answer Service (QAS) or Student Answer Service (SAS) if ordered at the time of registration. These services give you a more detailed look into your SAT score report, which can be a huge help if you're planning to study more and retake the SAT. If you want QAS and/or SAS, then you need to order them at the time or registration. With SAT registration fee waivers, you could make up to four requests for fee waivers for your college applications. Your counselors should be able to help you through this process (usually through the Common Application). Finally, if you are testing internationally, the fee waiver covers the non-U.S. regional fee that’s added to international registration. As you can see, the fee waiver doesn’t just cover the cost of registration, but it also helps you with your college applications. However, there are a few limitations of the SAT fee waiver, which I'llexplain below. A fee waiver does not cover a six-month supply of coffee to fuel your SAT prep - but wouldn't it be nice if it did? What an SAT Fee Waiver Does Not Cover One fee waiver can only be applied only to one registration. If you miss your test, you can’t use the same fee waiver again. Thus you should make every effort to take the SAT on the date you have registered for. Again, you can get a maximum of two fee waivers, so you can waive the fee to take the SAT twice. If you need to change your test date, you will have to pay the fee of $28. You also can’t use your fee waiver to be put on a waitlist (which students may choose for an extra fee of $46 if their preferred testing center is already full on a particular date). Now that you know the full range of services covered by the SAT fee waiver and its limitations, let’s take a look at what steps you need to take to obtain your SAT fee waivers. What Steps You Need to Take College Board sends out fee waivers to high school counselors, so your counselor should notify you of your eligibility and give you a form. If your counselor hasn't done so, definitely speak with herand ask about your fee waiver. As far as I know, you can't obtain one yourself; you need to get the fee waiver from your counselor or another eligible administrator. Make sure you talk to your counselor well before the registration date of your test date so that you don't get charged late fees!This is especially important if you’re not on Free and Reduced Lunch, but you believe you meet one or more of the other criteria and can provide supporting documentation. Your fee waiver will be a card that looks something like this: When you register for the SAT, you will enter your 12-digit SAT fee waiver code, as well as your counselor’s name and eligibility criteria marked on the card. Once you’ve filled out the rest of your account (which entails uploading a photo, adding your personal and parental information, and choosing a testing location and test date), then you’re all set! You’ve registered for the SAT. Advice for Students Using Fee Waivers If you’re using a fee waiver and plan to take the SAT only two times, you really want to plan your optimal testing strategy carefully. Students almost always improve every time they take the SAT, as practice, training, and familiarity with the test is hugely helpful in improving your test scores. Since many colleges â€Å"superscore† the SAT in the admissions process, or choose your best section scores across all test dates, you can take the test multiple times to build up a strong superscore. This doesn’t mean you can’t get a great score by taking the test twice - on the contrary, with a planned strategy you can hit and even exceed your target scores. Besides using high quality test prep materials, you can improve your score by simulating real testing conditions. Using a full practice test, go through it as you would the real thing - with timed sections and short breaks, ideally on a Saturday morning. This will really help you get used to the timing and pacing of the test, as well as understand your own stamina and needs during a long period of testing. Check out our free EBook on what you need to do to maximize your SAT scores. This SAT Study Guide gives you the 5 tips you need to know to prepare for the SAT, including both what’s on the test and tips for revving up your own internal motivation. To Sum Up... SAT fee waivers can be a huge financial help in registering for the SAT, sending your score reports to colleges, and submitting your college applications. Make sure to learn about your eligibility well in advance of registration, and speak with your counselor to make sure you are all set for registration. If you learn that you were eligible for a fee waiver after you already registered, you can’t get a refund of the registration fee. So definitely reach out to your counselor and take advantage of SAT fee waivers with enough time to spare. As we said above, if you are limited to taking the test two times, make sure to maximize those two testing opportunities with a strong study plan and plenty of customized preparation. Check out the resources below for more important information and advice to help you prep for this very important test. What’s Next? If you’re thinking about how to save money on testing fees, check out our complete overview of SAT and ACT costs. In addition to getting the fees waived for the SAT, you may also be able to get your college application fees waived. This guide goes over the steps you need to take to obtain fee waivers for your colleges of choice! To start designing and customizing your SAT study plan, read our article to learn when you should begin studying and prepping. Aiming for that elusive (but definitely possible) perfect score? Learn from a 2400 full scorer. Read his personal story and comprehensive guide on how to master the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Agriculture and Farm Innovations and Inventors

Agriculture and Farm Innovations and Inventors Farming and farm machinery were basically unchanged in Europe and its colonies for over a thousand years until the Agricultural Revolution  beginning in the late 1700s. Modern agricultural machinery has continued to evolve. The threshing machine has given way to the combine, usually a self-propelled unit that either picks up windrowed grain or cuts and threshes it in one step. The grain binder has been replaced by the swather which cuts the grain and lays it on the ground in windrows, allowing it to dry before being harvested by a combine. Plows are not used nearly as extensively as before, due in large part to the popularity of minimum tillage to reduce soil erosion and conserve moisture. The disk harrow today is more often used after harvesting to cut up the grain stubble left in the field. Although seed drills are still used, the air seeder is becoming more popular with farmers. Todays farm machinery allows farmers to cultivate many more acres of land than the machines of yesterday. Famous Agriculturists Luther Burbank - The Idaho Potato: Horticulturalist patented many cropsGeorge Washington Carver: Agricultural chemist who diversified agriculture and promoted crop rotationJethro Tull: Inventor of the seed drill Milestones in Farm Machinery The following inventions and mechanization led to an agricultural revolution in America in its first two centuries as a nation. Corn picker:  In 1850, Edmund Quincy invented the corn picker.Cotton gin:  The cotton gin is a machine that separates seeds, hulls and other unwanted materials from cotton after it has been picked. Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin on March 14, 1794Cotton harvester:  The first cotton harvester was patented in the U.S. in 1850, but it was not until the 1940s that the machinery was widely used.  Mechanical cotton harvesters are of two types: strippers and pickers. Stripper harvesters strip the entire plant of both open and unopened bolls, along with many leaves and stems. The cotton gin is then used to remove unwanted material.​  Picker machines, often called spindle-type harvesters, remove the cotton from open bolls and leave the bur on the plant. The spindles, which rotate on their axes at high speeds, are attached to a drum that also turns, causing the spindles to penetrate the plants. The cotton fibers are wrapped around the moistened spindles and then removed by a special device called a doffer; the cotton is then delivered to a large basket carried above the machine. Crop rotation: Growing the same crop repeatedly on the same land eventually  depletes the soil of different nutrients. Farmers avoided a decrease in soil fertility by practicing crop rotation. Different plant crops were planted in a regular sequence so that the leaching of the soil by a crop of one kind of nutrient was followed by a plant crop that returned that nutrient to the soil. Crop rotation was practiced in ancient Roman, African, and Asian cultures. During the Middle Ages in Europe, a three-year crop rotation was practiced by farmers rotating rye or winter wheat in year one, followed by spring oats or barley in the second year, and followed by a third year of no crops. In the 18th century, British agriculturalist Charles Townshend aided the European agricultural revolution by popularizing a four- year crop rotation with rotations of wheat, barley, turnips, and clover. In the United States, George Washington Carver brought his science of crop rotation to the farmers and save d the farming resources of the south. Grain elevator: In 1842, the first grain elevator was built by Joseph Dart.Hay cultivation:  Until the middle of the 19th century, hay was cut by hand with sickles and scythes. In the 1860s early cutting devices were developed that resembled those on reapers and binders; from these came the modern array of fully mechanical mowers, crushers, windrowers, field choppers, balers, and machines for pelletizing or wafering in the field. The stationary baler or hay press was invented in the 1850s and did not become popular until the 1870s. The pick up baler or square baler was replaced by the round baler around the 1940s.In 1936, a man named Innes, of Davenport, Iowa, invented an automatic baler for hay. It tied bales with binder twine using Appleby-type knotters from a John Deere grain binder. A Pennsylvania Dutchman named Ed Nolt built his own baler, salvaging the twine knotters from the Innes baler. Both balers did not work that well. According to The History of Twine, Nolts innovative patents pointed the way by 1939 to the mass production of the one-man automatic hay baler. His balers and their imitators revolutionized hay and straw harvest and created a twine demand beyond the wildest dreams of any twine manufacturer. Milking machine:  In 1879, Anna Baldwin patented a milking machine that replaced hand milking - her milking machine was a vacuum device that connected to a hand pump. This is one of the earliest American patents, however, it was not a successful invention. Successful milking machines appeared around 1870. The earliest devices for mechanical milking were tubes inserted in the teats to force open the sphincter muscle, thus allowing the milk to flow. Wooden tubes were used for this purpose, as well as feather quills. Skillfully made tubes of pure silver, gutta percha, ivory, and bone were marketed in the mid-19th century. During the last half of the 19th century, over 100 milking devices were patented in the United States.Plow:  John Deere invented the self-polishing cast steel plow - an improvement over the iron plow. The plow was made of wrought iron and had a steel share that could cut through sticky soil without clogging. By 1855, John Deeres factory was selling over 10,000 stee l plows a year. Reaper:  In 1831, Cyrus H. McCormick developed the first commercially successful reaper, a horse-drawn machine that harvested wheatTractors:  The advent of tractors revolutionized the agricultural industry, freeing agriculture from using oxen, horse, and manpower.

The Nature of Firms in Different Economic Systems Essay

The Nature of Firms in Different Economic Systems - Essay Example d by the market share (or market power) it possesses, number of other sellers in the industry, nature of market demand faced by the firm, price mechanism followed and the target market served (Plesch and Blakenburg, 2008). Variation in some or all of these factors creates different types of firms. Some of these factors are internal to the firm while others are related to the external environment of the firm. Customer purchase behaviour (or customer preferences) is the chief external factor that affects the operations of the firm. The pattern of exchange of goods and services and transaction of knowledge (referring to symmetry or asymmetry of information in the market structure) also determines the types of firms in different markets. It influences the production pattern of the firm and also reflects the kind of profit enjoyed by the firm. Nature of firms in different types of economic systems Some economists distinguish each type of economic system from one another according to the c oncept of economic surplus. While various types of economic systems have been prevailing in different periods of time in history, only a small number of economic systems have played significant role in the shaping up of productive units in the economy. In the current global economy, three different market systems are can be distinguished from one another (Plesch and Blakenburg, 2007). Since the characteristics of each of these economies vary, it indicates that the type of firm that operates in these economies would not be the same. The types of economic structures have been elaborated below with reference to the type of firm that can operate in these economic systems. The first kind of economic system is market economy. In this type of economy, the market acts as the prime economic thrust.... This essay offers comprehensive analysis of varying role of firms in different economic systems. The nature of firm is highly integrated with the nature of the economy in which the firm operates Different forces might lead to resource allocation in an economy. Depending on factors such as availability and allocation of raw materials, changing preferences of customers, culture and tradition of the economy and basic infrastructure; the missions and short and long term goals of the firms are decided. The economic system of a nation refers to the system of allocating the resource endowment of the country among the different activities taking place within the country. In this process, resources are allocated to firms for making productive activities. These resources act as the factors of production for the firm. In the current world economy, three different types of economic systems can be identified. These are command economy, market economy and mixed economy The nature of firms is not a constant attribute . It varies depending on certain internal as well as certain external factors. Economic system can run without intervention from any other individual or agency. Supply in the economy is adjusted to the demand created by consumers, or in other words, production is adjusted consumption. The process in which a firm operates in the economy, according to scholars, is elastic and automatic . All firms in an economic system are coordinated by the price mechanism. Thus, they are integrated with the economic structure of the country

English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Language - Essay Example When we talk about present day society, we are actually focussing the significance of the domains of English language in a cultural context, where global popular culture in the name of 'globalisation' is challenging the essential mythologies of English language (Mair, 2003, p. 19). The way English language is misused in the cultural context does not necessarily refer to culture-specific aspects, although it is obvious that many of the concepts in this category are alien to many Third World cultures and the corresponding texts are imported from the First World (Greenbaum, 1996, p. 188). English as a world language serves all the world's citizens irrespective of caste, culture or creed and its postulated universality makes it equally relevant everywhere, as though it can function independently of contemporary power balances, both global and local (Mair, 2003, p. 20). Although globalisation in the international spread of English language may be regrettable and undesirable but we cannot ignore that global English today has become an agent of reform and fairness. Despite a 'globalised language', the pressures of a rights-oriented culture may one day enable English to become the vehicle for articulation while maintaining certain worldwide standards of protection. English language from economic perspective has been able to bridge the gap between various cultures and economies; therefore it has served as an exchange-facilitating institution, where 'exchange' is not the only economic function English language has performed (Reksulak et al, 2004). English language development has been shaped by revealing the constellation of economic and other forces. However, the impact technology upholds in the innovation, trade, and economic growth on the English-speaking world is evident in the rising share of nouns in new words added during the past two or three centuries which make up 58% of the words originating in the 19th century and more than 70% of the words originating in the 20th (Reksulak et al, 2004). There is no doubt that English language blames grand scale globalisation factor and put all the enthusiasm and vitriol on its shoulders, but it is this language that is responsible for the growth in regional interactions from trade to travel. These interactions have long engaged in promoting the spread of English language among other regional languages (Fishman, 2000, p. 13). The significance of English language lies in the notion that it is present in societies where local languages are disappearing, in cultures where local languages are not considered, English is understood and spoken (Moritoshi, Nov 2001). References Bryson Bill, (1990) The mother tongue: English and how it got that way. New York: HarperCollins. Fishman A. Joshua, (Spring 2000) "English: The Killer Language OR A PASSING PHASE" In: Whole Earth. Greenbaum Sidney, (1996) Comparing English Worldwide: The International Corpus of English: Clarendon Press: Oxford. Mair Christian, (2003) The Politics of English as a World Language: New Horizons in Postcolonial Cultural Studies: Rodopi: Amsterdam. Moritoshi Paul, Nov 2001,Perspectives on the Role of English as an International Language, Accessed from Reksulak Michael, William F. Shughart Ii & Tollison D. Robert, (2004) "Economics and English: Language Growth in Economic Perspective" In: Southern Economic

The Reality of Political Realism Essay -- What is Politics?

When discussing whether or not a nation-state should enter a war and when to do so, three beliefs on foreign policy and war exist. The three different diplomatic stances are that of pacifism, just war theory, and political realism. Political realism, or realpolitik as it is often referred to, is the belief war should only occur when it is in the national interest of the particular nation-state. Henry Kissinger, a political realist, in his book Diplomacy argues that realism is the only logical answer. Just war theorists, along with pacifists, on the other hand oppose these arguments and therefore critique of this form of diplomatic action. To construct a valid understanding of the realist perspective the arguments Kissinger puts forth in his book Diplomacy will be examined, and then a critique of those arguments will be offered through a just war theorist perspective. Policy differences between Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt lead to different actions and desires. These differences were substantial, and so were their different views on foreign policy. Roosevelt became a president more determined to lead the United States (US) by its national interests. Roosevelt was the first president to insist it was America's duty to make its influence felt globally. Although, Roosevelt only intended to relate the US to the rest of the world through the US's national interests. Roosevelt envisioned the US as a power like no other and felt obligated to draw on its strengths to prevail against other countries as necessary if their interests collided. Whether those strengths be that of embargo, diplomatic actions, or hostile confrontation, Roosevelt believed if it was in the nation's interest to attain this particular goal then so be it. I... ...on-states that held the same religious beliefs. Europe maintained peace through a balance of power from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. This balance of power was enacted following the conclusion of the thirty years war. For as perfect as realpolitik is the reoccurring problem of it is the fact you cannot separate humans from morality. Inevitably making political realism impossible as a form of diplomacy that could be widely accepted. To support the United States in an occupation against Canada because it would widely help American economics, offer resources, etc. would evidently be the right thing to do according to realpolitik. Yet, moralistic Americans view Canadians as their allies and neighbors. There is no just reason to wage war with Canada. A just reason based on morals will be more widely supported than that of just national interests.

The man we call Benjamin Franklin

The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the websites on Ben Franklin’s biography and his autobiography. While disseminating the life of Benjamin Franklin through his autobiography, one learns much about the man. However when disseminating information found in the three websites below, another man slowly creeps out from behind the man already revealed. Which one is the real Benjamin Franklin? While observing the cornucopia of a man one learns that only by the process of comparing and contrasting will one be able to fix a solid face on the man we call Benjamin Franklin. All the websites addressed in this paper share common subject matter yet are different in terms of analytical approach and main focus. The biography by Edmund S. Morgan calls upon the reader to reconsider traditional assumptions about Benjamin Franklin and move away from standardized cliches. While he is best known as the author of the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain, and the Constitution, these weren’t his main achievements; furthermore, the documents (with the exception of the Declaration of Independence) didn’t reflect his views and beliefs.However, this shouldn’t lead to the conclusion that Franklin was a not-so-important figure in the American history. Rather than that, the author suggests that Franklin should be applauded for other achievement and traits of character: ‘His was probably the most brilliant mind that most people who knew him had ever met, but he seldom showed it in public†¦[H]is mind would be quietly at work, trying to understand the world and the people he found in it, thinking of ways to make their lives easier’ (Morgan, 2005, para. 4). Edmund S.Morgan believes that one of the major contributions of Benjamin Franklin was through his writings. Also, more attention should be paid to Franklin’s role as an advocate for American interests in England. In general, the biography tries to present a softer side of Franklin’s personality: ‘It may be well at first to dispel the image of him as an overweight scholar peering from his desk over the bifocal glasses he invented’ (Morgan, 2005, para. 8). PBS website also tries to reveal Ben Franklin’s personality to the readers. The website focuses on multiple identities Franklin possessed — both as a public figure and personality.The website glorifies Franklin as Abolitionist, Almanac maker, Advertiser, Balloon enthusiast, Bifocals inventor, Composer, Cartoonist, Civic Citizen, Chess Player, Deist, Diplomat, Daylight Savings advocate, Enlightenment thinker, Electricity pioneer, Experimenter, Entrepreneur, Founding Father, Flirt, Fire fighter, Glass Armonica creator, Gulf Stream mapper, Genius, Humorist, Health nut, Inventor, International celebrity, Insurer, Junto creator, Journalist, Kite flyer, Librarian, Lightning rod inventor, Londoner, Medical Engineer, Militia member, Mathematician, M ason, Natural philosopher, Organizer (militia, fire dept., street cleaning), Odometer maker, Printer, Public relations master, Publisher, Prankster, Questioner, Quartermaster, Quintessential American, Revolutionary, Reader, Scientist, Swimmer, Self-made man, Traveler, Treaty signer, University builder, Volunteer, Visionary, Vegetarian (temporarily), Writer, Weight lifter, Xenophile, Young prodigy, Yankee, Yarn spinner, and Zealot. Perhaps the most interesting out of all these epithets is ‘Quintessential American.’ The website tries to paint a picture of Franklin as a typical representative of the American nation and a symbol of all its virtues and achievements, such as Self-education, Physical Activity, and Moral Perfection. At the same time, the website acknowledges that Benjamin Franklin was no ordinary man, since he possessed outstanding qualities and skills. It is suggested that Ben Franklin helped define the concept of ‘good citizenship’ through his in volvement in and commitment to community on the local level and the nation on the global level:‘Ben Franklin believed that people volunteering together in a spirit of cooperation could accomplish great things. Driven by a strong sense of civic duty, he involved himself in his community and his nation’ (PBS, 2002, ‘Citizen Ben,’ para. 1). The website presents Franklin’s biography in an interactive and engaging way without compromising accuracy and objectivity. The only limitation of this resource is that the information is not well-structured and far from presenting a comprehensive picture.The third website present the most, in my opinion, consistent and informative version of Franklin’s biography. It is structured according to the major periods of Franklin’s life, i. e. ‘Humble Beginnings: Franklin in Boston,’ ‘A True Journeyman: Franklin in Philadelphia,’ ‘A Promise Unfulfilled: Franklin in London,â€⠄¢ ‘Sprouting Roots: Back in Philadelphia,’ ‘A Busy Retirement,’ and ‘The American Patriot: Franklin and Independence.’ Each section of the biography presents all the necessary information without going into unnecessary detail. Another compelling feature of this biography is that it is accompanied with abundant graphical aid. Yet it would be a mistake to say that ThinkQuest presents a dry and scholarly biography of Benjamin Franklin; it offers human touch through little entertaining details about this great man:‘Inspired by his namesake uncle Benjamin, young Ben composed historical ballads (one was about the pirate Blackbeard) that were printed by his brother James in his fledgling print shop. The poems sold well’ (ThinkQuest, 1998, ‘Interesting Facts’). In order to determine how credible a certain piece of information is, it is necessary to analyze the source of this information in terms of legitimacy and possible bia s. Edmund S. Morgan is a well-established historian specializing in early colonial history of America:‘Edmund Morgan has authored dozens of books on Puritan and early colonial history, which are acclaimed for both their scholarly focus and their appeal to a general audience†¦ Morgan, who joined the Yale faculty in 1955 and retired in 1986, has received many†¦honors during his long teaching career at Yale†¦Currently the chair of the board of The Benjamin Franklin Papers—the University's massive project publishing materials related to the Founding Father and inventor—Morgan is now at work on a study of Franklin, who, he believes, is one of the most interesting people who ever lived’ (Gonzalez, 2001).However, excessive admiration with Benjamin Franklin might come as a detriment to impartiality and objectivity — the two essential characteristics of any biographical writing. PBS website has little bias of this kind, however, it is often un clear where the information they are using comes from. There are no references or acknowledgements; no links to any works of Franklin or credible historical evidence is present. While Edmund S. Morgan extensively refers to Franklin’s own works, PBS website presents a simplified and pared-down version of Franklin biography. ThinkQuest is the only website that cites its references in an appropriate way.The authors of the biography acknowledge that they based their writing on such publications as Benjamin Franklin by Carl Van Doren, The Man Who Dared the Lightning-A New Look at Benjamin Franklin by Thomas Fleming, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Ben Franklin Laughing by P. M. Zall, Benjamin Franklin: Founding Father and Inventor by Leila Merrell Foster, and a number of other books and media resources. ThinkQuest is also an interesting information resource since it provides a sound general overview of the historical conditions existing in America in Franklin’s time s.The website offers definition of different historical phenomena that are important for the general narrative, such as King George I, French and Indian War (1754-1763), and other. All the biographies present a certain picture of colonial America: through the life career of Benjamin Franklin, it is possible to understand tense relations between Europe and America, heated debate around the issue of slavery, and the rise of American identity and civil consciousness. However, the most credible source of information on Franklin’s life and times is his autobiography.This autobiography is of great relevance to the modern reader, and not merely for the reason that it provides an insight into the life of Benjamin Franklin. In his autobiography, Franklin shares his thoughts as to the organization of state and society, role of the citizens, position of America on the world’s stage and other matters of great interest and importance even for the modern reader. For example, he expr esses concerns over the clash between religion and civil notion of citizenship, as he recollects that English were trying to plant certain religious ideas in America:‘[S]ince not a single moral principle was inculcated or enforc'd, their aim seeming to be rather to make us Presbyterians than good citizens (Franklin, 2003, p. 66). ‘As for additional and types of sources, that would give greater confidence in your understanding Franklin, it is necessary to mention Franklin’s writings in the first place. As Edmund S. Morgan (2005, para. 5) correctly points out, ‘[i]n the awesome bulk of his papers, equivalent of 47 fat volumes of print, all available on this website, we can see Franklin whole.’ Additional insight can be gained from reviewing resources dedicated to the American colonial history: greater understanding of conditions and developments of that era can aid the process of enhancing knowledge about Benjamin Franklin as a statesman, scientist, and outstanding public figure. References Franklin, Benjamin. (2003). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Touchstone. Gonzalez, Susan. (January 12, 2001). ‘Edmund S. Morgan: Sterling Professor Emeritus. ’ Retrieved September 5, 2007, from http://www.yale. edu/history/faculty/morgan. html Morgan, Edmund S. (2005). ‘Introduction to the Papers of Benjamin Franklin. ’ Retrieved September 5, 2007, from http://www. franklinpapers. org/franklin/framedMorgan. jsp;jsessionid=86AD99C9931B8DF535D2C1CD6A1E6923 PBS. (2002). ‘Benjamin Franklin. ’ Retrieved September 5, 2007, from http://www. pbs. org/benfranklin/ ThinkQuest. (1998). ‘The Biography of Benjamin Franklin. ’ Retrieved September 5, 2007, from http://library. thinkquest. org/22254/home. htm

The Changing American Culture Essay - 1324 Words

The vast political and cultural differences impacting American society are becoming increasingly liberal with each passing generation . The proves that the American culture is becoming more liberal with each new generation . The vast differences in the administrations and policies of Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan, show the radical changes that have occurred in American culture over the last generation. Unlike many previous presidents, Ronald Reagan viewed government and regulation as the source of our economic problems and not the solution. According to Peter Ferrara in â€Å"Reaganomics vs Obamanomics† Ronald Reagan said in his speech during his first inauguration â€Å" In this present crisis government is not the solution to†¦show more content†¦Obama thinks the way to fix the economy is to borrow more money and hope the United States can pay back its bondholders later . According to Bill Freez in †Deconstructing Obamanomics What is the Real Goal† Obama wants to tax the rich in order to pay for his socialist and stimulus policies. This shows are countries transition from a culture that embodies the proverb don’t bite the hand that feeds you to one that believes that it is morally justified to exploit the democratic system to bully an inherent electoral minority and bleed a social class dry as long as the members of sa id social class can survive the burden better than most voters can and as long as it has the possibility to benefit more people than it will hurt do to the massive redistribution of income that has taken place while Obama served as president of the United States . After taking office Reagan had a severe recession to deal with as well as a high unemployment rate. According to Louise Jacobson in â€Å"How Similar Were the recessions Under Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama† when Reagan took office the unemployment rate was at 10 percent. 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